Stainless Steels
310
is an austenitic heat resisting alloy with excellent resistance to oxidation
under mildly cyclic conditions to 2100°F. Rapid thermal cycling increases
the rate of metal wastage somewhat by spalling of the protective oxide
scale. The oxidation resistance of 310 is significantly better than that of
309.
UNS S31008
309
is an austenitic heat resistant alloy with useful oxidation resistance to
2000°F under constant temperature conditions. When frequent heating
and cooling is involved the alloy is resistant to about 1850°F. 309 is
particularly suited for oxidizing environments involving constant
temperature or mild cycling with slow rates of heating and cooling.
Because of its relatively high rate of thermal expansion the alloy is not
suggested for applications involving severe thermal cycling, such as
liquid quenching.
UNS S30908
321
is a titanium stabilized grade commonly used for a service in the 1000-
1600°F (540-870°C) temperature range. For service temperatures up to
about 1600°F (870°C), a stabilizing treatment at 1550-1650°F (840- 900°
C), air cool, may be used to provide optimum resistance to intergranular
corrosion and to polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking. 321 is readily
welded by all common methods including submerged arc
UNS S32100
347
AMS 5646
410
is a corrosion and heat resistant 12% chromium steel. It is the most
widely used of the hardenable stainless steels. Heat treated 410 has
mechanical properties comparable to the engineering alloy steel AISI
4130, coupled with the additional benefit of good corrosion resistance.
UNS S41000
410S
(UNS S41008) is a low carbon, non–hardening version of the general
purpose 12% chromium martensitic stainless steel, type 410 stainless
(UNS S41000). The low carbon and a small alloy addition minimize
austenite formation at high temperatures which restricts the ability of
410S to harden. 410S remains soft and ductile even when rapidly cooled
from elevated temperatures. This helps prevent cracking when the alloy is
exposed to high temperatures or during welded. 410S is completely
ferritic in the annealed condition. It exhibits adequate corrosion resistance
similar to 410.
UNS S41008
446
446 bar alloy is a high chromium ferritic heat resisting alloy with excellent
resistance to oxidation and to various forms of hot corrosion. The 446
alloy is most commonly used for service between 1500 and 2200°F (815
and 1200°C), although its elevated temperature strength is quite low
UNS S44600
317/317L
317L is a 3.1% molybdenum containing austenitic stainless steel. It is an
upgrade to 316L stainless. Its higher levels of chromium, nickel and
molybdenum improve resistance to chloride pitting and general corrosion
UNS 31700 S31703
303
303 is a fully resulfurized free-machining austenitic stainless steel melted
and processed to maximize machinability. It should be considered for
automatic screw machines where extensive machining is required. 303 is
nonmagnetic in the annealed condition but may become slightly magnetic
as a result of cold working.
UNS S30300
304/304H
Dual certified 304/304H is used as a material of construction up to 1500°
F. Slight scaling begins at about 1200°F. This is the 0.04% minimum
carbon version of type 304 stainless. It has general corrosion resistance
similar to the low carbon 304/304L. However, it is subject to carbide
precipitation in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of welds. Weldments may be
sensitive to HAZ intergranular corrosion in oxidizing acid environments,
and to polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking. The carbide
precipitation is not harmful to high temperature mechanical properties.
304/304H is welded using the 22Cr 11Ni filler wire (ER308), or covered
electrodes (E308). Post-weld heat treatment is not necessary for most
hightemperature service.
UNS S30400/S30409
304L
304 is the original "18-8" stainless. It is produced in greater quantity than
any other austenitic stainless steel. 304 provides useful resistance to
corrosion in many environments ranging from moderately reducing to
moderately oxidizing. Through the controlled addition of nitrogen, it is
common for 304L to meet the mechanical properties of 304 straight
grade. As a result, most products are dual certified as 304 and 304/304L
UNS S30400/S30403
316
316/316L is the most commonly used austenitic stainless steel in the
chemical process industry. The addition of molybdenum increases
general corrosion resistance, improves chloride pitting resistance and
strengthens the alloy in high temperature service. Through the controlled
addition of nitrogen it is common for 316/316L to meet the mechanical
properties of 316 straight grade, while maintaining a low carbon content.
UNS S31600/S31603
17-4
is an age-hardening martensitic alloy combining high strength with the
corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Hardening is achieved by a short-
time, simple low-temperature treatment. Unlike conventional martensitic
stainless steels, such as type 410, 17-4 is quite weldable. The strength,
corrosion resistance and simplified fabrication can make 17-4 a cost-
effective replacement for high strength carbon steels as well as other
stainless grades.
UNS: S17400
15-5
Precipitation Hardening Alloy (S15500) is a variant of the older 17-4™
(S17400) chromium-nickel-copper precipitation hardening stainless
steel. Both alloys exhibit high strength and moderate corrosion
resistance. High strength is maintained to approximately 600°F (316°C).
The 15-5 alloy was designed to have greater toughness than S17400,
especially in the through-thickness (short transverse) direction. This
improved toughness is achieved by reduced delta ferrite content and
control of inclusion size and shape. The composition and processing of
15-5 alloy is carefully controlled to minimize its content of delta ferrite,
which is present in the S17400 material. Inclusion control is done by
consumable electrode remelting using the electro-slag remelting (ESR)
process.
UNS S15500
A-286
is an age-hardenable iron base superalloy for applications requiring high
strength from - 320°F up to 1000°F long time, 1300-1500°F short time.
The A-286 alloy has oxidation resistance that is high for continuous
service to 1500°F, intermittent to 1800°F.
UNS S66286
310
is an austenitic heat resisting alloy with excellent resistance to oxidation
under mildly cyclic conditions to 2100°F. Rapid thermal cycling increases
the rate of metal wastage somewhat by spalling of the protective oxide
scale. The oxidation resistance of 310 is significantly better than that of
309.
UNS S31008
309
is an austenitic heat resistant alloy with useful oxidation resistance to
2000°F under constant temperature conditions. When frequent heating
and cooling is involved the alloy is resistant to about 1850°F. 309 is
particularly suited for oxidizing environments involving constant
temperature or mild cycling with slow rates of heating and cooling.
Because of its relatively high rate of thermal expansion the alloy is not
suggested for applications involving severe thermal cycling, such as
liquid quenching.
UNS S30908
321
is a titanium stabilized grade commonly used for a service in the 1000-
1600°F (540-870°C) temperature range. For service temperatures up to
about 1600°F (870°C), a stabilizing treatment at 1550-1650°F (840- 900°
C), air cool, may be used to provide optimum resistance to intergranular
corrosion and to polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking. 321 is readily
welded by all common methods including submerged arc
UNS S32100
347
AMS 5646
410
is a corrosion and heat resistant 12% chromium steel. It is the most
widely used of the hardenable stainless steels. Heat treated 410 has
mechanical properties comparable to the engineering alloy steel AISI
4130, coupled with the additional benefit of good corrosion resistance.
UNS S41000
410S
(UNS S41008) is a low carbon, non–hardening version of the general
purpose 12% chromium martensitic stainless steel, type 410 stainless
(UNS S41000). The low carbon and a small alloy addition minimize
austenite formation at high temperatures which restricts the ability of
410S to harden. 410S remains soft and ductile even when rapidly cooled
from elevated temperatures. This helps prevent cracking when the alloy is
exposed to high temperatures or during welded. 410S is completely
ferritic in the annealed condition. It exhibits adequate corrosion resistance
similar to 410.
UNS S41008
446
446 bar alloy is a high chromium ferritic heat resisting alloy with excellent
resistance to oxidation and to various forms of hot corrosion. The 446
alloy is most commonly used for service between 1500 and 2200°F (815
and 1200°C), although its elevated temperature strength is quite low
UNS S44600
317/317L
317L is a 3.1% molybdenum containing austenitic stainless steel. It is an
upgrade to 316L stainless. Its higher levels of chromium, nickel and
molybdenum improve resistance to chloride pitting and general corrosion
UNS 31700 S31703
303
303 is a fully resulfurized free-machining austenitic stainless steel melted
and processed to maximize machinability. It should be considered for
automatic screw machines where extensive machining is required. 303 is
nonmagnetic in the annealed condition but may become slightly magnetic
as a result of cold working.
UNS S30300
304/304H
Dual certified 304/304H is used as a material of construction up to 1500°
F. Slight scaling begins at about 1200°F. This is the 0.04% minimum
carbon version of type 304 stainless. It has general corrosion resistance
similar to the low carbon 304/304L. However, it is subject to carbide
precipitation in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of welds. Weldments may be
sensitive to HAZ intergranular corrosion in oxidizing acid environments,
and to polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking. The carbide
precipitation is not harmful to high temperature mechanical properties.
304/304H is welded using the 22Cr 11Ni filler wire (ER308), or covered
electrodes (E308). Post-weld heat treatment is not necessary for most
hightemperature service.
UNS S30400/S30409
304L
304 is the original "18-8" stainless. It is produced in greater quantity than
any other austenitic stainless steel. 304 provides useful resistance to
corrosion in many environments ranging from moderately reducing to
moderately oxidizing. Through the controlled addition of nitrogen, it is
common for 304L to meet the mechanical properties of 304 straight
grade. As a result, most products are dual certified as 304 and 304/304L
UNS S30400/S30403
316
316/316L is the most commonly used austenitic stainless steel in the
chemical process industry. The addition of molybdenum increases
general corrosion resistance, improves chloride pitting resistance and
strengthens the alloy in high temperature service. Through the controlled
addition of nitrogen it is common for 316/316L to meet the mechanical
properties of 316 straight grade, while maintaining a low carbon content.
UNS S31600/S31603
17-4
is an age-hardening martensitic alloy combining high strength with the
corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Hardening is achieved by a short-
time, simple low-temperature treatment. Unlike conventional martensitic
stainless steels, such as type 410, 17-4 is quite weldable. The strength,
corrosion resistance and simplified fabrication can make 17-4 a cost-
effective replacement for high strength carbon steels as well as other
stainless grades.
UNS: S17400
15-5
Precipitation Hardening Alloy (S15500) is a variant of the older 17-4™
(S17400) chromium-nickel-copper precipitation hardening stainless
steel. Both alloys exhibit high strength and moderate corrosion
resistance. High strength is maintained to approximately 600°F (316°C).
The 15-5 alloy was designed to have greater toughness than S17400,
especially in the through-thickness (short transverse) direction. This
improved toughness is achieved by reduced delta ferrite content and
control of inclusion size and shape. The composition and processing of
15-5 alloy is carefully controlled to minimize its content of delta ferrite,
which is present in the S17400 material. Inclusion control is done by
consumable electrode remelting using the electro-slag remelting (ESR)
process.
UNS S15500
A-286
is an age-hardenable iron base superalloy for applications requiring high
strength from - 320°F up to 1000°F long time, 1300-1500°F short time.
The A-286 alloy has oxidation resistance that is high for continuous
service to 1500°F, intermittent to 1800°F.
UNS S66286
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